This visit will blow your mind.

It dives deep into the world of Mastic Gum, Chios's most important product. The production of mastic gum began thousands of years ago, but was accelerated in the 1950's with the solid work of the Union which is still playing a significant role in the production, processing, exportation of the final product, as well as the regulation of the price. The production of mastic gum is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2015. The Museum is all about the mastic, its history in production, the Union of Mastic Gum producers and the gum's many uses in every day life.
What's very interesting is that the mastic gum tree (pistachia lentiscus) is a "schinus" (σχίνος) tree which is found all over the Mediterranean Sea, but only in Chios does it produce the mastic, along with its distinct scent, taste and qualities. This is apparently due to the microclimate of South Chios: hot and dry summers, very mild winters. The volcanic soil also plays an important role.

Each tree can produce fair amounts of quality mastic for about 80 years. Its quality then begins to decrease. Mastic production happens only in Chios and only in the 24 mastic gum-producing villages in the south of Chios.

Tip: along with the visit, what I also recommend is taking a mastic-gum masterclass, with Roula who will guide you in the mastic trees of the museum and walk you through the process of extracting and harvesting the mastic gum. Harvest season begins in June, so it's best if you visit around that time when the trees are already dropping the "tears" of mastic gum.